Human rights education : a comparison of mother tongue textbooks in Turkey and France

Textbooks are major instructional tools playing an important role in education at all grades. The purpose of this study is to compare the level of allocation of human rights issues – rights, freedom, democracy, justice, tolerance and peace – in mother tongue textbooks in Turkey and France. For this aim, ten mother tongue textbooks from both countries were examined. Content analysis method was used to analyse the textbooks. As a result, it was observed that human rights issues are included more in Turkish textbooks when compared to French textbooks. It was found that in the textbooks of both countries the ‘rights’ subcategory is included the most while the ‘justice’ subcategory is included the least. While the intensity scores of the ‘democracy’ and ‘freedom’ subcategories were listed toward the very end in the textbooks of both countries, the ‘democracy’ subcategory occupies more places in French textbooks whereas the ‘freedom’ subcategory occupies more places in Turkish textbooks. Besides, the intensity scores for the subcategories of ‘rights’, ‘peace’ and ‘tolerance’ hold the first three places in the mother tongue textbooks of both countries.peer-reviewe

Türkiye'de büyüme-odaklı ve yenilikçi bir girişimcilik politika çerçevesi geliştirme ve politika açıklarının belirlenmesi

Günümüz dünyası ticaretin küreselleştiği, teknolojinin baş döndürücü bir hızla ilerlediği, rekabetin arttığı, verimliliğin önem kazandığı ve bilgiye dayalı ekonomilerin dünyayı şekillendirdiği bir arenada haline gelmiştir. Böyle bir global ekonomik ortamda ülkelerin rekabetçi olarak yer tutabilmeleri yenilikçi faaliyetlerde bulunmaksızın mümkün olamamaktadır. Dolayısıyla, bu yeni ekonomik ortam içerisinde, yenilikçi girişimcilik aktivitelerini özendirmek hükümetleri için olmaza olmaz bir politika aracı haline gelmiş bulunmaktadır. Yenilikçi girişimcilik faaliyetleri gösteremeyen ekonomiler diğer ülkelerden geri kalacak ve bulunduğu yeri de kaybedecektir. Bu tez çalışmasında, girişimcilik politikalarını girişimcilik eğitimi, girişimciliğin teşviki, yeni girişimler için ortam sağlanması, yeni girişim ve tohum sermaye sağlanması, yeni girişimcilere iş destek yöntemleri şeklindeki varolan sınıflandırma kullanılarak, Türkiye'nin küresel dünyada büyüme odaklı ve yenilikçi bir girişimcilik politikasına sahip olması için izlemesi gereken yol haritasının belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çerçevede girişimcilik faaliyetlerini artırmak için hükümetlerce nasıl bir girişimcilik politikası çerçevesinin oluşturulması gerektiği sorusuna cevap aranmaktadır. İlk olarak, girişimcilikle ilgili temel kavramlar, girişimciliğin önemi ele alınmaktadır. Daha sonra girişimciliğin teşvik edilebilmesi için hükümetlerce uygulanması gereken girişimcilik politikalarına ilişkin teorik literatür tartışılmaktadır. Ayrıca, girişimcilik literatürüne katkı sağlayan girişimcilik ve girişimcilik politikalarıyla ilgili ampirik akademik bulgularına yer verilmektedir ve küresel ölçekte girişimcilik alanında çalışmalar yapmakta olan GEM ve OECD gibi kuruluşların bulgularından yararlanılmaktadır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, Türkiye'nin girişimcilik politikası alanında birçok açıklarının olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, özellikle girişimcilik politikalarının finansman ve vergileme konularındaki zorlukların giderilmesi, girişimciliği destekleyen daha uygun çevre şartlarının oluşturulması ve geliştirilmesi, girişimcilik eğitim programlarının geliştirilmesi ve yaygınlaştırılması, bazı özel nüfus gruplarının teşvik edilmesi ve büyüme odaklı ve yenilikçi girişimciliğin oluşabilmesi için ülkede araştırma geliştirme ve yenilikçi girişimci aktiviteyi destekleyen politikaların oluşturulması gerektiği gözlemlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Girişimcilik, Yeni girişimler, Girişimcilik Politikası, Türkiye, Yenilik, Finansman, Destekleyici ortamı, Vergi, Girişimcilik eğitimi.\ud In today's world has become an open arena where the trade has been globalized, technology has been advanced rapidly, competitiveness has been increased more than ever, productivity has been the prominent issue and knowledge based economies have been shaping the world. In such a global economic environment, countries are not able to gain competitive grounds without engaging in innovative activities. Thus, encouraging innovative entrepreneurial activities has become inescapable policy tool for governments in this new economic environment. Economies that have not engaging in innovative entrepreneurial activities will not be able to catch and lag behind of the other nations and loose grounds. In this thesis, it has been aimed to identify a roadmap for Turkey in order to engage in a growth oriented and innovative entrepreneurship policy in global environment, using a known framework which classifies entrepreneurial policies under entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship promotion, environment for start-ups, start-up and seed financing, business support measures for start-ups, target group strategies. On this matter, it has been aimed find an answer to the inquiry that which kind of general entrepreneurial policy framework is essential in order to increase entrepreneurial activity level at country level. In the thesis firstly, central concepts in entrepreneurship and the prominence of entrepreneurship has been considered. Later, theoretical literature on promoting entrepreneurship policies which is applied by governments has been discussed. Moreover, empirical evidence on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship policy from academic literature as well as studies by international institutions such as GEM and OECD has been utilized. In conclusion, various types of policy gaps have been detected in Turkey's policies toward entrepreneurship. In particular, it has been observed entrepreneurship policies should focus on removing predicaments on finance and taxation, developing and enhancing a more supportive environmental conditions, developing and spreading entrepreneurial education programs, supporting some special population groups, targeting growth oriented and innovative entrepreneurial activities through encouraging research and development as well as supportive innovative policies Key Words: Entrepreneurship, New enterprises, Entrepreneurship Policy, Turkey

Ortaöğretim Okullarına Önerilen 100 Temel Eser’deki Romanlarda İnsan Hakları Üzerine Bir Çözümleme

One of the most efficient lessons in contributing human rights education is language and literature lessons. Students are exposed to selected works of Turkish and world literature in these courses. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of national novels of 100 Basic Literary Works list include human rights issues. The data was collected from all national novels (thirty novels) in that list. Content analysis method, qualitative research technique, was used. The analysis of the data was carried out by calculating frequency, percentage, intensity score (IS). Peace and right sub-categories are given most places, democracy and tolerance sub-categories are given least place in the novels. Human rights issues have emerged most in “Cemo”, “Kalpaklılar” and “Drina’da Son Gün”.Dil ve edebiyat dersleri, insan hakları eğitimine katkı sağlamada doğası gereği en etkili derslerdendir. Bu derslerde, öğrenciler Türk ve dünya edebiyatının seçkin yapıtlarıyla da buluşturulur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaöğretim kurumlarındaki Türk Edebiyatı ile Dil ve Anlatım derslerinde öğrencilere okuması için önerilen 100 Temel Eser listesindeki yerli romanlarda insan hakları konusuna yer verilme düzeyini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmanın veri kaynağını, 100 Temel Eser listesindeki yerli romanların tümü (otuz roman) oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi olan içerik çözümlemesi kullanılmıştır. Veriler, sıklık (frekans), yüzde ve yoğunluk puanları hesaplanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Romanlarda en fazla barış ve hak alt kategorilerine; en az, demokrasi ve hoşgörü alt kategorilerine yer verildiği görülmüştür. İnsan hakları konusuna en fazla “Cemo”, “Kalpaklılar” ve “Drina’da Son Gün” adlı romanlarda değinildiği ortaya çıkmıştır.

Comparison of telerehabilitation methods for systemic sclerosis patients in the COVID-19 era: A randomized controlled study

Background: Scleroderma (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease progressing with fibrosis. SSc patients need to be protected from epidemic diseases as well as rehabilitation needs. For this reason, it is important for them to continue their exercises in an environment where they can be both rehabilitated and protected from infectious diseases

Hydrogels in Regenerative Medicine

Polymer scaffolds have many various applications in the field of tissue engineering, drug delivery, and implantation. They are applied as dispensing devices for bioactive molecules and as three-dimensional (3D) structures that provide stimulants that organize cells and direct desired original tissue formation. Hydrogels are preferred scaffolding material because they are structurally similar to the extracellular matrix of many tissues, often processed under mild conditions, and can be delivered in a minimally invasive manner. Hydrogel materials formed a group of polymeric materials. The hydrophilic structure allows them to hold large amounts of water in their three-dimensional backbone. As a result, hydrogels are used as scaffolding material for drug and growth factor transmission, tissue engineering modifications, and many other applications. In this chapter, we describe the physical and chemical structure of hydrogels, side groups, cross-linkings, swelling properties, types of polymers and fabrication methods, and application fields

A High Throughput Lab-On-A-Chip System for Label Free Quantification of Breast Cancer Cells under Continuous Flow

This paper presents an LOC system combining microfluidic DEP channel with a CMOS image sensor for label and lens free detection and real-time counting of MCF-7 cells under continuous flow. Trapped and then released MCF-7 cells are accurately detected and counted under flow with a CMOS image sensor integrated underneath the DEP channel, for the first time in the literature. CMOS image sensor can capture 391 frames per second (fps) that allows detection of the released cells flowing through the channel with a flow rate up to 130 mu l/min (0.468 m/s). Therefore, the proposed system is able to detect the cells under high flow where conventional techniques for cell quantification such as fluorescent tagging become unusable. Detected cells are automatically counted with a computer program and the counting accuracy of the whole system is 95%. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Restless Legs Syndrome in Patients with Epilepsy Under Levetiracetam Monotherapy

Objective: Restless Legs syndrome (RLS) is a frequent neurological disease. Levetiracetam (LEV) is an effective and broad-spectrum anticonvulsant drug. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency of RLS in patients diagnosed with epilepsy who took LEV monotherapy. Materials and Methods: Two neurologists were reviewed the files of 1680 patients, who were followed in epilepsy outpatient clinic. One hundred seven patients under LEV monotherapy for at least six months and 120 healthy controls were included in the study. The criteria for the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group were taken into consideration for the assessment of RLS. Results: The mean age of patient group was 38.26±17.39 years, while the mean age of healthy controls was 39.17±16.12 years. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of age and sex between each two groups. The mean duration of LEV usage was 28.34 months. The LEV usage dose was between 500-3000 mg/day. RLS was seen in 7 (5.83%) healthy controls, whereas 4 patients (3.73%) had RLS in patient group before LEV treatment. The symptom of RLS in two patients disappeared after LEV treatment started and this rate decreased to 1.87%. The biochemical parameters were normal in all patient groups, after LEV treatment, peripheral neuropathy was detected in one patient whose symptoms were not relieved. Conclusion: LEV may have therapeutic effect on RLS. It may be preferred especially in comorbid situations where epilepsy and RLS are seen together. Longitudinal and prospective studies are needed to manifest better the therapeutic effects of LEV on RLS

Synthesis of selenophene substituted benzodithiophene and fluorinated benzothiadiazole based conjugated polymers for organic solar cell applications

© 2021A series of alternating conjugated copolymers which contain selenophene modified benzodithiophene and fluorine bearing benzothiadiazole have been synthesized via Stille polycondensation reaction to investigate the effect of the number of fluorine atoms substituted to the benzothiadiazole. Three different polymers, PBDTSe-BT, PBDTSe-FBT and PBDTSe-FFBT, were reported and their electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and photovoltaic behaviors were examined. Density functional theory calculations were performed on model tetramer structures to shed light on how substituting the fluorine atom to the acceptor building block affects the structural, electronic and optical properties of the polymers. The results of computational studies were compared with experimental studies. The structure adjustment accomplished by fluorine substitution on the benzothiadiazole moiety reveals an influence on the electronic structure of polymers with a more negative HOMO energy level. A high VOC for the resulting photovoltaic device was examined for PBDTSe-FFBT. Difluorinated polymer PBDTSe-FFBT:PC71BM organic solar cell exhibited the highest photovoltaic performance of 2.63% with JSC of 7.24 mA cm-2, VOC of 0.72 V and FF of 50.6%. PBDTSe-BT:PC71BM revealed the best PCE as 2.39%, and the device reached the highest efficiency up to 1.68% for PBDTSe-FBT:PC71BM

Risk of Malnutrition and Its Effects on the Quality of Life of Hospitalized Cancer Patients

Aim:Malnutrition is one of the most common clinical problems in cancer patients. Its frequency increases in hospitalized cancer patients. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the frequency of malnutrition and its effect on quality of life (QOL) in hospitalized cancer patients.Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional study, Nutrition Risk Screening-2002 (NRS-2002) and European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)-QLQ C30 scales were completed for patients with cancer diagnosed in the medical oncology service. The relationship between clinical and laboratory parameters, malnutrition risk and QOL was analyzed by statistical methods.Results:One-hundred thirteen patients were included in the study. According to the results of NRS-2002, 42.5% (n=48) patients were at risk of malnutrition. There was no difference between the groups in terms of gender and age. When the EORTC-QLQ C30 scale scores were compared, the risk of malnutrition had no effect on the overall health score (p=0.679). Physical function and role function scores were significantly lower in those at risk of malnutrition (worse QOL). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of other functional scales. When univariate logistic regression (LR) was applied to the factors affecting better general health score, only hemoglobin level was found to be a significant factor. Therefore, multivariate LR was not done.Conclusion:Malnutrition risk assessment should be performed routinely in every hospitalized cancer patient. Early nutritional support should be given to patients at risk. It was observed that patients with malnutrition risk had worse QOL compared to the EORTC-QLQ C30 scale